Include Exception Properties at FailureDetails

[nytian]

Adds support for inner failure details and custom exception properties in the Java SDK, matching the .NET SDK implementation (durabletask-dotnet#474, azure-functions-durable-extension#3215).

• Add innerFailure and properties fields to FailureDetails, with full protobuf round-trip support
• Add ExceptionPropertiesProvider interface for custom property extraction via the worker builder
• Recursively capture inner exception chains from Throwable.getCause()
• Add unit tests and integration tests for the new functionality
• Backward compatible — existing users who don't register a provider see no behavior change.

[Copilot]

Pull request overview

This PR adds support for exception properties and inner failure details to the FailureDetails class, allowing richer error information to be captured and propagated through the Durable Task framework. The PR also includes a protobuf file sync from the upstream repository, which introduces many additional protocol buffer changes beyond the core feature.

Changes:

• Added properties field to TaskFailureDetails protobuf message to store exception metadata
• Added innerFailure field support to capture exception cause chains
• Implemented bidirectional conversion between protobuf Value types and Java objects
• Added comprehensive unit tests covering properties, inner failures, and round-trip serialization
• Updated DurableTaskGrpcWorker to use the new FailureDetails constructor for consistent exception handling
• Synced protobuf definitions from upstream repository (commit hash 1caadbd7ecfdf5f2309acbeac28a3e36d16aa156)

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 5 out of 5 changed files in this pull request and generated 4 comments.

Show a summary per file

File	Description
internal/durabletask-protobuf/protos/orchestrator_service.proto	Added properties field to TaskFailureDetails; synced many other protobuf changes from upstream
internal/durabletask-protobuf/PROTO_SOURCE_COMMIT_HASH	Updated to track new protobuf source commit
client/src/main/java/com/microsoft/durabletask/FailureDetails.java	Added properties and innerFailure fields with conversion methods; added toString() override
client/src/test/java/com/microsoft/durabletask/FailureDetailsTest.java	Comprehensive new test file covering all aspects of the new functionality
client/src/main/java/com/microsoft/durabletask/DurableTaskGrpcWorker.java	Refactored to use FailureDetails constructor instead of building proto directly

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[Copilot]

The PR description contains placeholder text "resolves #issue_for_this_pr" instead of an actual issue number. The checklist also indicates that changes should be added to CHANGELOG.md, but no changes to CHANGELOG.md are included in this PR. Please update the PR description with the actual issue number and add an entry to the "Unreleased" section of CHANGELOG.md documenting this feature addition.