In latest nightly observing a to-be returned variable changes its value.

[JAicewizard]

Code

I have not been able to reproduce this with pure c code. I found this while working with cgo+rust, and managed to make a small-ish reproducible setup.
I tried this code:

lib.rs

use softposit::{P32, P16};

#[no_mangle] pub extern "C" fn positdiv32(a: u32, b:u32) -> u32{
    let a = P32::from_bits(a);
    let b = P32::from_bits(b);
    let c = a/b;
    let x = c.to_bits();
    // if x >> 31 == 0{
    //     print!("hey!\n");  
    // }
    // print!("{:}\n",x);
    x
}

toml file

[package]
name = "positrs"
version = "0.1.0"
authors = ["jaap aarts <jaap.aarts1@gmail.com>"]
edition = "2018"

[lib]
crate-type = ["cdylib"]

[dependencies]
softposit = "0.3.9"

positrs.h

#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

uint32_t positdiv32(uint32_t a, uint32_t b);

c file

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include "positrs.h"

void binprintf(uint32_t v)
{
    unsigned int mask=1<<((sizeof(int)<<3)-1);
    while(mask) {
        printf("%d", (v&mask ? 1 : 0));
        mask >>= 1;
    }
}

void main(){
	uint32_t a = 0b11000100001110111011110011001000;
	uint32_t b = 0b01011111011001010011000111110001;
	uint32_t c = positdiv32(a,b);
	binprintf(c);
}

run

cargo build --release
cp target/release/libpositrs.so .
gcc -g main.c -o call_rust -L. -lpositrs
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=. ./call_rust

And you will see that this prints 00011110000111010100101001000110⏎
This is (to me) clearly wrong since dividing a negative number with a positive number should be a negative number, and this is a positive number.
So I tried to print the variable in rust, see where it went wrong...

Uncomment the printf!(...) line and run the following commands

cargo build --release
cp target/release/libpositrs.so .
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=. ./call_rust

and this luckely prints the exact same binary value....

3789731258
11100001111000101011010110111010⏎

oh.

somehow adding the print statement changes the return value of the function when exported to C.
The second one is correct, the first is not.

I also tried just observing x, without actually printing it, using the if statement above the print! and it had the same result as the print!

I expected to see this happen:

I expected the value to be the same no-matter what if the value is being observed, and this to be the correct value of 0b11100001111000101011010110111010

Instead, this happened: explanation

Instead I got the wrong number after updating to the latest nightly.

Version it worked on

Currently I know for sure it works on rustc 1.52.0-beta.6 (f97769a2b 2021-04-27)
It also previously worked on nightly, but I dont think I can see the version history.

Version with regression

current broken nightly version: rustc 1.53.0-nightly (42816d61e 2021-04-24)

rustc --version --verbose:

rustc 1.52.0-beta.6 (f97769a2b 2021-04-27)
binary: rustc
commit-hash: f97769a2b7bc5a6b3d8f7140613cf26352f2b518
commit-date: 2021-04-27
host: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
release: 1.52.0-beta.6
LLVM version: 12.0.0

The compiler did not crash.

[tmiasko]

The binprintf contains undefined behaviour because result of a bitwise shift is not representable (which may or may not be relevant to the issue if any).

[JAicewizard]

note that the wrong behaviour is without the printf, and that simply observing x is enough to "fix" it. even comparing to 0 makes it work.

[JAicewizard]

Some more possibly usefull information, I have a bunch of very similar functions, with the only diference being the operation being done on a and b (*,+,sqrt, round, truncate) and this is the only one showing this behaviour.

The bitpattern itself is also not interesting, as long as the result of the operation is negative it gives this result. Wen pluging in 2 positive posit bit values or 2 negative ones, it works as expected.

[tmiasko]

The mask calculation in binprintf on the C side, which as far as I can see is consistently used to demonstrate the issue, shifts 1 by 31 which is undefined behaviour. Anything it prints should be considered untrustworthy until it is fixed.

[JAicewizard]

oh that. Well the bug originally came from go, where there is well-defined binary printing, and the bug shows there too.
I can try to just print the value and just check if its negative as an easy test, will do in a minute.

I just copy-pasted this code from google because c doesnt have a binary print formatter.

[JAicewizard]

I dont even think shifting is undefined for non-negative integers, but here you go:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include "positrs.h"

void main(){
	uint32_t a = 0b11000100001110111011110011001000;
	uint32_t b = 0b01011111011001010011000111110001;
	uint32_t c = positdiv32(a,b);
	printf("%d", c);
}

same problem same "fix".

[tmiasko]

The result of E1 << E2 is E1 left-shifted E2 bit positions; vacated bits are filled with zeros. If E1 has a signed type and nonnegative value, and E1 × 2^E2 is representable in the result type, then that is the resulting value; otherwise, the behavior is undefined.

Anyway, bisection points to 635ccfe.

[tmiasko]

The relevant part of diff looks as follows:

--- a	2021-04-29 09:08:20.057255690 +0200
+++ b	2021-04-29 09:08:21.221282758 +0200
@@ -1,47 +1,47 @@
 <positdiv32>:
 	                   b8 00 00 00 80       	mov    $0x80000000,%eax
 	                   81 ff 00 00 00 80    	cmp    $0x80000000,%edi
 	            /----- 74 10                	je     <positdiv32+0x1d>
 	            |      89 f1                	mov    %esi,%ecx
 	            |      81 c9 00 00 00 80    	or     $0x80000000,%ecx
 	            |      81 f9 00 00 00 80    	cmp    $0x80000000,%ecx
 	            |  /-- 75 01                	jne    <positdiv32+0x1e>
 	            \--|-> c3                   	ret    
 	               \-> 85 ff                	test   %edi,%edi
 	      /----------- 74 4e                	je     <positdiv32+0x70>
 	      |            55                   	push   %rbp
 	      |            41 57                	push   %r15
 	      |            41 56                	push   %r14
 	      |            53                   	push   %rbx
-	      |            50                   	push   %rax
+	      |            48 83 ec 08          	sub    $0x8,%rsp
 	      |            41 0f 98 c7          	sets   %r15b
 	      |            85 f6                	test   %esi,%esi
 	      |            41 0f 98 c6          	sets   %r14b
 	      |            89 fa                	mov    %edi,%edx
 	      |            f7 da                	neg    %edx
 	      |            0f 4c d7             	cmovl  %edi,%edx
 	      |            89 f0                	mov    %esi,%eax
 	      |            f7 d8                	neg    %eax
 	      |            0f 4c c6             	cmovl  %esi,%eax
 	      |            8d 0c 95 00 00 00 00 	lea    0x0(,%rdx,4),%ecx
 	      |            f7 c2 00 00 00 40    	test   $0x40000000,%edx
-	      |  /-------- 0f 85 1f 00 00 00    	jne    <positdiv32+0x73>
+	      |  /-------- 75 20                	jne    <positdiv32+0x73>
 	      |  |         40 b5 ff             	mov    $0xff,%bpl
 	      |  |         85 c9                	test   %ecx,%ecx
-	      |  |  /----- 0f 88 09 00 00 00    	js     <positdiv32+0x68>
-	      |  |  |      90                   	nop
+	      |  |  /----- 0f 88 0a 00 00 00    	js     <positdiv32+0x68>
+	      |  |  |      66 90                	xchg   %ax,%ax
 	      |  |  |  /-> 40 80 c5 ff          	add    $0xff,%bpl
 	      |  |  |  |   01 c9                	add    %ecx,%ecx
 	      |  |  |  \-- 79 f8                	jns    <positdiv32+0x60>
 	      |  |  \----> 81 e1 fe ff ff 7f    	and    $0x7ffffffe,%ecx
 	      |  |  /----- eb 18                	jmp    <positdiv32+0x88>
 	      \--|--|----> 31 c0                	xor    %eax,%eax
 	         |  |      c3                   	ret    
 	         \--|----> 31 ed                	xor    %ebp,%ebp
 	            |      85 c9                	test   %ecx,%ecx
 	            +----- 0f 89 0b 00 00 00    	jns    <positdiv32+0x88>
 	            |      0f 1f 00             	nopl   (%rax)
 	            |  /-> 40 80 c5 01          	add    $0x1,%bpl
 	            |  |   01 c9                	add    %ecx,%ecx
 	            |  \-- 78 f8                	js     <positdiv32+0x80>
 	            \----> 89 cb                	mov    %ecx,%ebx

The change of push %rax to sub $0x8,%rsp, clobbers SF which is used by sets %r15b.

@rustbot modify labels: +A-LLVM

[nikic]

cc @cuviper @nagisa More stack probing fun.

[tmiasko]

LLVM bug report https://bugs.llvm.org/show_bug.cgi?id=50165.

@rustbot modify labels: +regression-from-stable-to-beta

[rustbot]

Error: Label +regression-from-stable-to-beta can only be set by Rust team members

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